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SELECTED
REFERENCES
GUIDELINES
ACE
INHIBITORS
- Effects
of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of
the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). The CONSENSUS
Trial Study Group.
N
Engl J Med. 1987 Jun 4;316(23):1429-35. - Effect
of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection
fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators.
N
Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 1;325(5):293-302. - Konstam
MA, Rousseau MF, Kronenberg MW, Udelson JE, Melin J, Stewart D, Dolan N, Edens
TR, Ahn S, Kinan D, et al. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dysfunction
in patients with heart failure. SOLVD Investigators.
Circulation.
1992 Aug;86(2):431-8. - Pfeffer
MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ Jr, Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM,
Goldman S, Flaker GC, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity
in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results
of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators.
N
Engl J Med. 1992 Sep 3;327(10):669-77. - Effect
of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial
infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril
Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators.
Lancet.
1993 Oct 2;342(8875):821-8. -
Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Carlsen JE, Bagger H, Eliasen P, Lyngborg K, Videbaek
J, Cole DS, Auclert L, Pauly NC. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme
inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after
myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group.
N
Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 21;333(25):1670-6. -
Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, Cleland JG, Horowitz JD, Massie BM, Ryden
L, Thygesen K, Uretsky BF. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart
failure. ATLAS Study Group.
Circulation.
1999 Dec 7;100(23):2312-8.
(PDF) - Garg
R, Yusuf S.
Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative
Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials.
JAMA.
1995 May 10;273(18):1450-6.
ACEI
and ASA
BETA
BLOCKERS
- Packer
M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM, Shusterman NH.
The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic
heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group.
N
Engl J Med. 1996 May 23;334(21):1349-55. - Bristow
MR, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fowler MB, Hershberger RE, Kubo SH, Narahara
KA, Ingersoll H, Krueger S, Young S, Shusterman N.
Carvedilol produces
dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects
with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators.
Circulation.
1996 Dec 1;94(11):2807-16. - Packer
M, Colucci WS, Sackner-Bernstein JD, Liang CS, Goldscher DA, Freeman I, Kukin
ML, Kinhal V, Udelson JE, Klapholz M, Gottlieb SS, Pearle D, Cody RJ, Gregory
JJ, Kantrowitz NE, LeJemtel TH, Young ST, Lukas MA, Shusterman NH.
Double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with
moderate to severe heart failure. The PRECISE Trial. Prospective Randomized
Evaluation of Carvedilol on Symptoms and Exercise.
Circulation.
1996 Dec 1;94(11):2793-9. - Randomised,
placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure
due to ischaemic heart disease. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research
Collaborative Group.
Lancet.
1997 Feb 8;349(9049):375-80.
- Packer
M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Castaigne
A, Roecker EB, Schultz MK, DeMets DL.
Effect
of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. (COPERNICUS)
N
Engl J Med. 2001 May 31;344(22):1651-8. - Waagstein
F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, Camerini F, Fowler MB, Silver MA, Gilbert EM, Johnson
MR, Goss FG, Hjalmarson A.
Beneficial effects of metoprolol
in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC)
Trial Study Group.
Lancet.
1993 Dec 11;342(8885):1441-6. - Effect
of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised
Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Lancet.
1999 Jun 12;353(9169):2001-7. - The
Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial.
Lancet.
1999 Jan 2;353(9146):9-13. - Poole-Wilson
PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JG, Di Lenarda A, Hanrath P, Komajda M, Lubsen J, Lutiger
B, Metra M, Remme WJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Scherhag A, Skene A; Carvedilol Or Metoprolol
European Trial Investigators.
Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical
outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol
European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial.
Lancet.
2003 Jul 5;362(9377):7-13.
OTHER
BETA BLOCKER REFERENCES
- Foody
JM, Farrell MH, Krumholz HM.
Beta-Blocker
therapy in heart failure: scientific review.
JAMA.
2002 Feb 20;287(7):883-9. Review. - Farrell
MH, Foody JM, Krumholz HM.
Beta-Blockers in heart failure: clinical applications.
JAMA.
2002 Feb 20;287(7):890-7. -
Packer M.
Current role of beta-adrenergic blockers in the management of chronic
heart failure.
Am
J Med. 2001 May 7;110 Suppl 7A:81S-94S. Review. - Gheorghiade
M, Colucci WS, Swedberg K.
Beta-blockers in chronic heart failure.
Circulation.
2003 Apr 1;107(12):1570-5. - Krum
H, Roecker EB, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Coats AJ, Katus HA, Fowler MB,
Packer M; Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) Study
Group.
Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart
failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study.
JAMA.
2003 Feb 12;289(6):712-8. - Gattis
WA, O'Connor CM, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M; IMPACT-HF Investigators
and Coordinators.
Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized
for decompensated heart failure: results of the Initiation Management Predischarge:
Process for Assessment of Carvedilol Therapy in Heart Failure (IMPACT-HF) trial.
J
Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 5;43(9):1534-41.
ANGIOTENSIN
RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
- Pitt
B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, Martinez FA, Dickstein K, Camm AJ, Konstam MA, Riegger
G, Klinger GH, Neaton J, Sharma D, Thiyagarajan B.
Effect
of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic
heart failure: randomised trial--the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE
II.
Lancet.
2000 May 6;355(9215):1582-7. - Cohn
JN, Tognoni G.
A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan
in chronic heart failure. (VAL-HeFT)
N
Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 6;345(23):1667-75. - Granger
CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Pfeffer
MA, Swedberg K; CHARM Investigators and Committees.
Effects of candesartan
in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function
intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative
trial.
Lancet.
2003 Sep 6;362(9386):772-6. - McMurray
JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Yusuf
S, Pfeffer MA; CHARM Investigators and Committees.
Effects of candesartan
in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function
taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial.
Lancet.
2003 Sep 6;362(9386):767-71.
- Yusuf
S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson
B, Ostergren J; CHARM Investigators and Committees.
Effects of candesartan
in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection
fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial.
Lancet.
2003 Sep 6;362(9386):777-81. - Pfeffer
MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren
J, Yusuf S, Pocock S; CHARM Investigators and Committees.
Effects of candesartan
on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall
programme.
Lancet.
2003 Sep 6;362(9386):759-66.
-
Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Kober L, Maggioni AP, Solomon
SD, Swedberg K, Van de Werf F, White H, Leimberger JD, Henis M, Edwards S, Zelenkofske
S, Sellers MA, Califf RM; Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators
(VALIANT).
Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated
by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both.
N
Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1893-906. Epub 2003 Nov 10.
ALDOSTERONE
ANTAGONIST
- Pitt
B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, Palensky J, Wittes J.
The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe
heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators.(RALES)
N
Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 2;341(10):709-17. - Pitt
B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, Bittman R, Hurley S, Kleiman
J, Gatlin M; Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy
and Survival Study Investigators.
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker,
in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
(EPHESUS)
N
Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 3;348(14):1309-21. Epub 2003 Mar 31. Erratum in: N Engl J
Med. 2003 May 29;348(22):2271.
DIURETICS
- Brater DC.Diuretic therapy.
N
Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 6;339(6):387-95. Review. No abstract available. - Sica
DA, Deedwania PC.
Pharmacotherapy in congestive heart failure: Principles
of combination diuretic therapy in congestive heart failure.
Congestive Heart
Failure 1997:29-44.
- Ellison DH.
Diuretic
combination in the treatment of edema. Rational and recommendation.
Drug Therapy.
March 1994. - Brater
DC.
Diuretic resistance:
mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Cardiology.
1994;84 Suppl 2:57-67. Review. - Rudy
DW, Voelker JR, Greene PK, Esparza FA, Brater DC.
Loop diuretics for chronic
renal insufficiency: a continuous infusion is more efficacious than bolus therapy.
Ann
Intern Med. 1991 Sep 1;115(5):360-6.
HYDRALAZINE/ISDN
- Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche
S, Franciosa JA, Harston WE, Tristani FE, Dunkman WB, Jacobs W, Francis GS, Flohr
KH, et al.
Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive
heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. (V-HeFT
I)
N
Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 12;314(24):1547-52. - Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, Carson P, D'Agostino R Jr, Ferdinand K, Taylor M, Adams K, Sabolinski M, Worcel M, Cohn JN; African-American Heart Failure Trial Investigators.
Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. (A-HeFT)
N Engl J Med. 2004 Nov 11;351(20):2049-57. Epub 2004 Nov 8. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 24;352(12):1276.
DIGITALIS
- The effect of digoxin on
mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation
Group.
N
Engl J Med. 1997 Feb 20;336(8):525-33. - Uretsky
BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE, Yellen LG, Harrison MC, Jolly MK.
Randomized
study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate
chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. PROVED Investigative
Group.
J
Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Oct;22(4):955-62. - Packer
M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, Costantini PJ, Adams KF, Cody RJ, Smith LK, Van Voorhees
L, Gourley LA, Jolly MK.
Withdrawal
of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme
inhibitors. RADIANCE Study.
N
Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 1;329(1):1-7.
CALCIUM
CHANNEL BLOCKERS
- Packer
M, O'Connor CM, Ghali JK, Pressler ML, Carson PE, Belkin RN, Miller AB, Neuberg
GW, Frid D, Wertheimer JH, Cropp AB, DeMets DL.
Effect of amlodipine on morbidity
and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine
Survival Evaluation Study Group.(PRAISE)
N
Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 10;335(15):1107-14.
BNP (B-TYPE NATRIURETIC
PEPTIDE)
- Silver MA, Maisel A, Yancy CW, McCullough PA, Burnett JC Jr, Francis GS, Mehra MR, Peacock WF 4th, Fonarow G, Gibler WB, Morrow DA, Hollander J.
BNP Consensus Panel 2004: A Clinical Approach for the Diagnostic, Prognostic, Screening, Treatment Monitoring, and Therapeutic Roles of Natriuretic Peptides in Cardiovascular Diseases
Congestive Heart Failure , 10;5 Suppl 3:1-30 (September/October, 2004)
- Publication
Committee for the VMAC Investigators (Vasodilatation in the Management of Acute
CHF).
Intravenous
nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure:
a randomized controlled trial. (VMAC)
JAMA.
2002 Mar 27;287(12):1531-40. (Trial)
INOTROPIC
THERAPY FOR HEART FAILURE
- Felker
GM, O'Connor CM.
Inotropic
therapy for heart failure: an evidence-based approach.
Am
Heart J. 2001 Sep;142(3):393-401. Review. - Felker
GM, O'Connor CM.
Rational
use of inotropic therapy in heart failure.
Curr
Cardiol Rep. 2001 Mar;3(2):108-13. Review. - Cuffe
MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O'Connor
CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M.
Short-term
intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized
controlled trial. (OPTIME-CHF)
JAMA.
2002 Mar 27;287(12):1541-7.
HEART
FAILURE WITH LV DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- Klein
AL, Scalia GM. Diseases of the Pericardium, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Diastolic
Dysfunction. Text book of Cardiovascular Medicine. Lippincott, Williams &
Wilkins 1998: 221-287
- Weinberger
HD.
Diagnosis and treatment of diastolic heart failure.
Hosp
Pract (Off Ed). 1999 Mar 15;34(3):115-8, 121-2, 125-6. Review. - Oh
JK.
Evaluation of
diastolic function: old and new methods.
Rev
Port Cardiol. 2001 Jan;20 Suppl 1:I17-26. Review. - Elesber
AA, Redfield MM.
Approach
to patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction.
Mayo
Clin Proc. 2001 Oct;76(10):1047-52. Review. - Senni
M, Redfield MM.
Heart
failure with preserved systolic function. A different natural history?
J
Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 1;38(5):1277-82. Review. - Zile
MR, Brutsaert DL.
New
concepts in diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure: Part I: diagnosis,
prognosis, and measurements of diastolic function.
Circulation.
2002 Mar 19;105(11):1387-93. Review. No abstract available.
CARDIAC
RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY (CRT). Need to be updated every 3-6 months.
(More
on CRT and ICD references 2002-2004)
- Saxon
LA, De Narco T
Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure
(Most current
comprehensive article, 2004, 39 pages)
http://www.hrsonline.org/pdf_files/CRT_12_3.pdf
- Abraham
WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E, Kocovic DZ, Packer M, Clavell
AL, Hayes DL, Ellestad M, Trupp RJ, Underwood J, Pickering F, Truex C, McAtee
P, Messenger J.
Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. (MIRACLE)
N
Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 13;346(24):1845-53
- Cazeau
S, Leclercq C, Lavergne T, Walker S, Varma C, Linde C, Garrigue S, Kappenberger
L, Haywood GA, Santini M, Bailleul C, Daubert JC.
Effects of multisite biventricular
pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. (MUSTIC)
N
Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 22;344(12):873-80.
- Bristow
MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L,
DeMets D, White BG, DeVries DW, Feldman AM; Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing,
and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Investigators.
Cardiac-resynchronization
therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart
failure.
N
Engl J Med. 2004 May 20;350(21):2140-50.
- Cleland J. G.F., Daubert J.-C., Erdmann E., Freemantle N., Gras D., Kappenberger L., Tavazzi L., the Cardiac Resynchronization — Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators
The Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure
N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1539-49. Epub 2005 Mar 7.
Right
ventricular pacing may have detrimental effect on patients with poor left ventricular
function.
- Sweeney
MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, Greenspon AJ, Freedman RA, Lee KL, Lamas GA; MOde
Selection Trial Investigators. (MOST)
Adverse effect of ventricular
pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline
QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction.
(See
more comment on Wang PJ presentation below)
Circulation.
2003 Jun 17;107(23):2932-7. Epub 2003 Jun 02.
- Wilkoff
BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene HL, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, Kutalek SP, Sharma A;
Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator Trial Investigators.
Dual-chamber
pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator:
the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial.
JAMA.
2002 Dec 25;288(24):3115-23. - Moss
AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL,
Brown MW, Andrews ML; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II
Investigators. (MADIT II)
Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator
in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction.
N
Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 21;346(12):877-83. Epub 2002 Mar 19.
(See
more comment on Wang PJ presentation below) - Wang
PJ
To Pace or Not to Pace: Right Ventricular vs Biventricular Pacing in Patients
With Heart Failure.
Medscape CME course. http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/3566_pnt
CRT/ICD
AND ICD
- Moss
AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL,
Brown MW, Andrews ML.
Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients
with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. (MADIT II)
N
Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 21;346(12):877-83. - Bristow
MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L,
DeMets D, White BG, DeVries DW, Feldman AM; Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing,
and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Investigators.
Cardiac-resynchronization
therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart
failure.
N
Engl J Med. 2004 May 20;350(21):2140-50. - Wilkoff
BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene HL, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, Kutalek SP, Sharma A;
Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator Trial Investigators.
Dual-chamber
pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator:
the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial.
JAMA.
2002 Dec 25;288(24):3115-23. - Bardy
GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson
J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein
DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH; Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)
Investigators.
Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for
congestive heart failure.
N
Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 20;352(3):225-37.
SLEEP
APNEA AND HEART FAILURE