Selected oral anticoagulation references

Prepared in 2002 (see update to 2004 below)

General.

1. 6th ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest 2001; 119 (Suppl): 1S-370S
2. 6th ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians.
3. Ginsberg JA, Crowther MA, White RH, Ortel TL. Anticoagulation Therapy. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2001 Jan; :339-57.
4. Sachdev GP, Ohlrogge KD, Johnson CL. Review of the Fifth American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy: Outpatient Management for Adults. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56(15): 1505-1514.
5. Ansell JE, Oertel LB, Wittkowsky AK. Managing Oral Anticoagulation Therapy. Clinical and Operational Guidelines. Aspen Publishers, Inc. 1997.
6. Ansell JE, Buttaro ML, Thomas VO, et al. Consensus Guidelines for Coordinated Outpatient Oral Anticoagulation Therapy Management. Ann Pharmacother. 1997; 31: 604-615.
7. Ansell JE, Becker RC. Guidelines for the Initiation, Monitoring and Clinical use of Anticoagulant Therapy. DuPont Pharmaceuticals, 1999.
8. Litin SC, Gastineau DA. Current Concepts in Anticoagulant Therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70: 266-272.
9. Brigden ML. Oral Anticoagulation Therapy. Practical aspect of management. Postgrad Med 1996; 99: 81-4, 87-9, 93-4.
10. ACC/AHA Task Force Report. Bonow RO, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation 1998; 98: 1949-1984.
11. Tiede DJ, Nishimura RA, Gastineau DA, et al. Modern Management of Prosthetic Valve Anticoagulation . Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73: 665-680.
    

Warfarin Initiation.

1. Crowther MA, Ginsberg JB, Kearon C, Hirsh J et al. A Randomized Trial Comparing 5 mg and 10 mg warfarin Loading Doses. Arch Intern Med, 1999; 159: 46-48.
2. Tait RC, Sefcick A. A Warfarin Induction Regimen for Outpatient Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Br J Haematol. 1998; 101(3): 450-454.
3. Ageno W, Turpie AG. Exaggerated Initial Response to Wafrarin followint Heart Valve Replacement. Am J Cardiol, 1999; 84(8): 905-908.

Target INR.

1. 6th ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Chest, 2001; 119 (1 Suppl): 1S-370S.
2. 6th ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians.
3. ACC/AHA Task Force Report. Bonow RO, et al. Guidelines for Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation 1998; 98: 1949-1984.
4. ACC/AHA Pocket guidelines. Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. July 2000.

Vitamin K

1. Watson HG , Baglin T , Laidlaw SL , Makris M , Preston FE . A comparison of the efficacy and rate of response to oral and intravenous Vitamin K in reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin.
   Br J Haematol. 2001 Oct;115(1):145-9.
2. Crowther MA, Donovan D, Harrison L, et al. Low-dose Oral Vitamin K Reliably Reverse Over-anticoagulation due to Warfarin. Thromb Haemost, 1998; 79: 1116-1118.
3. Raj G, Kumar R, McKinney WP. Time Course of Reversal of Anticoagulation Effect of Warfarin by Intravenous and Subcutaneous Phytonadione. Arch Int Med, 1999; 159: 2721-2724.

Perioperative Management.

1. Kearon C. Perioperative Management of Long-term Anticoagulation. Semin Thromb Hemost 1998; 24 (Suppl 1): 77-83.
2. Kearon C, Hirsh J. Managing Anticoagulation Before and After Surgery in Patients Who Require Oral Anticoagulants. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1506-1511.
3. Shalaby A, Mohiuddin SM. Lowson SM, Hanson EW. Spandorfer J, Merli G.N
   Anticoagulation and elective surgery.
   N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 25;337(13):939; author reply 939-40.
4. Douketis JD. Perioperative anticoagulation management in patients who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy: a practical guide for clinicians.
   Thromb Res. 2002 Oct 1;108(1):3-13.
5. Shapira Y, Vaturi M, Sagie A. Anticoagulant management of patients with mechanical prosthetic valves undergoing non-cardiac surgery: indications and unresolved issues.
   J Heart Valve Dis. 2001 May;10(3):380-7. Review.
6. Spandorfer J. The management of anticoagulation before and after procedures.
   Med Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;85(5):1109-16, v. Review.
7. Jacobs LG, Nusbaum N. Perioperative management and reversal of antithrombotic therapy.
   Clin Geriatr Med. 2001 Feb;17(1):189-202, ix. Review.
8. Heit JA. Perioperative management of the chronically anticoagulated patient.
   J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2001 Sep;12(1):81-7. Review.
9. Hewitt RL, Chun KL, Flint LM. Current Concepts in Perioperative Anticoagulation. Am Surg 1999; 65: 270-273.
10. Nguyen DP, Hasson NK. Perioperative Management of Patients on Long-term Warfarin Therapy. Hosp Pharm 1999; 34 (1): 103-107.
11. Wahl MJ. Dental Surgery in Anticoagulation Patients. Arch Intern Med, 1998; 158: 1610-1616.
12. Campbell JH, Alvarado F, Murray RA. Anticoagulation and Minor Oral Surgery: Should the Anticoagulation Regimen be Altered? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 200l; 58: 131-135.
13. Stables G, Lawrence CM. Management of patients taking anticoagulant, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and other anti-platelet drugs undergoing dermatological surgery.
    Clin Exp Dermatol. 2002 Sep;27(6):432-5. Review.
14. American Sociaty for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Guideline on the Managenent of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy for Endoscopic Procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998; 48: 672-675.
15. Jafri SM.
    Periprocedural thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy.
    Am Heart J. 2004 Jan;147(1):3-15. Review.
16. Watts SA, Gibbs NM.
    Outpatient management of the chronically anticoagulated patient for elective surgery.
    Anaesth Intensive Care. 2003 Apr;31(2):145-54. Review.
17. Dunn A . Perioperative management of oral anticoagulation: when and how to bridge.
    J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Feb;21(1):85-9.

Warfarin Drug Interaction.

1. Buckley NA, Dawson AH. Drug Interactions with Warfarin. Med J Aust, 1992; 157: 479-483.
2. Freedman MD, Olatidoye AG. Clinical Significant Drug Interactions with the Oral Anticoagulants. Drug Saf 1994; 10 (5): 381-394.
3. Kayser SR. Drug Interaction with Coumarin Anticoagulants. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1993; 8(1): 40-45.
4. Harder S, Thurmann P. Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Anticoagulants. An Update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996; 30(6): 416-444.
5. Wells PS, Holbrook AM, Crowther NR, hirsh J. Interactions of warfarin with Drugs and Food. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121(9): 676-683.
6. Handbook of Adverse Drug Interactions. The medical Letter, Inc. NY. 1999.

Amoidarone.

1. Kerin NZ, Blevins RD, Goldman L, et al. The Incidence, Magnitude, and Time Course of the Amiodarone-warfarin Interaction. Arch Intern Med, 1988; 148: 1779-1781.
2. Sanoski CA, Bauman JL.
   Clinical observations with the amiodarone/warfarin interaction: dosing relationships with long-term therapy.
   Chest. 2002 Jan;121(1):19-23.

Propafenone.

1. Kates RE, Yee YG, kirsten EB. Interaction Between warfarin and Propafenone in Healthy Volunteer Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1987; 42(3): 305-311.

Tylenol.

1. Shek KL, Chan LN, Nutescu E. Warfarin-acetaminophen Drug Interaction Revisited . Pharmacotherapy, 1999; 19: 1153-1158.
2. Hylek EM, Heiman H, Skates SJ, Sheehan MA, Singer DE. Acetaminophen and other risk factors for excessive warfarin anticoagulation. JAMA. 1998 Mar 4;279(9):657-62.

Low Molecular Weight Heparin.

1. Hirsh J, Warkentin TE, Shaughnessy SG, et al. Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, Dosing, Monitoring, Efficacy, and Safety. Chest 2001; 119 (Suppl 1): 64S-94S.
2. Spandorfer j, Lynch S, Weitz HH, et al. Use of Enoxaparin for the Chronically Anticoagulated Patient Before and After Procedures. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 478-480, A10.
3. Litin SC, Heit JA, Mees KA, et al. Concise Review for Primary-Care Physicians. Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolic Desease: Answers to frequently asked questions. Mayo Clic Proc 1998; 73: 545-551.

Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia.

1. Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin-insuced Thrombocytopenia in Patients Treated with Low-Molecular-Weight heparin or Unfractionated Heparin. N Engl J Med, 1995; 332: 1330-1335.
2. Magnani HN, Orgaran (danaparoid sodium) Use in the Syndrome of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia. Platelets 1997; 8: 74-81.

General

1. 7th ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126 Number 3 (Suppl): 163S-703S.
2. AHA/ACC. Guide to Warfarin Therapy, 2003
3. Jaffer A, Bragg L.
   Practical tips for warfarin dosing and monitoring.
   Cleve Clin J Med. 2003 Apr;70(4):361-71. Review.
4. Anticoagulation Therapy Guidelines, 2003 Update.
   Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI)